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近代沖縄神社神道史と「沖縄県神社創立計画案」成立の背景
https://doi.org/10.24792/0002000705
https://doi.org/10.24792/0002000705b7b530e8-b2cb-40a7-9d33-348676ec4763
| 名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション |
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12 近代沖縄神社神道史と「沖縄県神社創立計画案」成立の背景.pdf (1.9 MB)
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| Item type | 紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper(1) | |||||||||
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| 公開日 | 2024-05-17 | |||||||||
| タイトル | ||||||||||
| タイトル | 近代沖縄神社神道史と「沖縄県神社創立計画案」成立の背景 | |||||||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||||||
| タイトル | ||||||||||
| タイトル | The History of Modern Shinto Shrines in Okinawa And Background of “Okinawa Prefecture Shrine Creation Plan” | |||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||
| 言語 | ||||||||||
| 言語 | jpn | |||||||||
| 資源タイプ | ||||||||||
| 資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 | |||||||||
| 資源タイプ | departmental bulletin paper | |||||||||
| ID登録 | ||||||||||
| ID登録 | 10.24792/0002000705 | |||||||||
| ID登録タイプ | JaLC | |||||||||
| 著者 |
前田, 孝和
× 前田, 孝和
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| 抄録 | ||||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||||||
| 内容記述 | 近代沖縄神社神道史は、明治5年（1872）の琉球藩設置から先の大戦の敗戦（昭和20年〔1945〕）までの74年にわたる神祇政策の歴史であり、その集大成が昭和18年（1943）の「沖縄県神社創立計画案」である。国の意向を受けた明治23年（1890）の波上宮官幣小社列格までが第一期の神祇政策である。日琉同祖論とその論理の延長線上にある沖縄の御嶽・拝所は内地の神社の原初的形態を残すものであり、「神社」と見なすことが可能だとして、明治中期から御嶽・拝所を統計上区別せず「無格社」扱いとした。沖縄県は遅くとも明治34年（1901）10月には御嶽・拝所を神社化することを立案、明治43年（1910）の「沖縄県諸禄処分法」に対処するための社寺神職僧侶等の処分策及びそれに対応するために、内地の明治39年（1906）の神社合祀・合併による神社整理方法を援用した御嶽・拝所の合併による村社化と県社を創立する明治43年（1910）4月の「県社・村社建設理由書」の成立過程が第二期の神祇政策である。その後の大正、昭和の試行錯誤を経て、御嶽・拝所を神社化した主祭神は天照大神、配神は合併した「何々御嶽神」とする一村一社による神社創立、郷社昇格・創立や島尻・中頭・国頭・宮古・八重山の五郡に県社を創立することなどが「沖縄県神社創立計画案」として昭和18年（1943）にまとめられた。これが第三期でかつ最終の神祇政策であった。この最終の神祇政策も、内地の昭和17年（1942）7月の「無格社整備ニ関スル要綱」を援用する形でこれまでの政策を具体化したものだった。 本論は、第三期の神祇政策である「沖縄県神社創立計画案」成立過程を明らかにすることである。沖縄県の種々の神祇行政の推移、村々で沖縄県の意図や神社規則に反して県が「模擬構造」と呼称した御嶽・拝所に社殿、鳥居、燈籠を建てる動き、それに対し県が注意を喚起していること、国威昂揚と沖縄県の基盤整備のための沖縄県振興計画との関係、御嶽の神社化の主祭神を天照大神とするまでの動き、一村一社化、神職養成の動き、神社化の理論的背景、祭祀の厳修と財政基盤確立のために無格社を合併して村社以上の有資格社を創立する「無格社整備ニ関スル要綱」の援用―などを述べて、琉球処分後の沖縄県の神祇政策の集大成である「沖縄県神社創立計画案」作成に至る過程を明らかにする。 |
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| 言語 | ja | |||||||||
| 抄録 | ||||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||||||
| 内容記述 | The history of Shinto shrines in modern Okinawa is a history of policies on worshipping that spans the 74 years from the creation of the Ryukyu Domain in 1872 to Japanʼs―and Okinawaʼs―defeat in the Pacific War in 1945. These policies were compiled in the Okinawa Pre- fecture Shrine Creation Plan that was drafted in 1943. The first period of worship policy in Okinawa ends in 1890, when the central government in Japan elevated Naminouegu Shrine to kanpei shosha rank （minor Imperial rank）. The government decided based on Nichiryu Dosoron （the theory that people of Ryukyu and Japanese descent share ancestors）, that the utaki and uganju （traditional Okinawan places of worship） of Okinawa preserved the characteristics of early shrines in mainland Japan, and that it was possible to classify the utaki and uganju as “shrines.” Therefore, from the middle of the Meiji Era （around the late 19th century）, utaki and uganju were classified simply as “unranked shrines” in official statistics. By no later than October 1901, Okinawa Prefecture drafted the policy to turn the utaki and uganju into shrines. The second period of worship policy in Okinawa is marked by the process of enacting the Statement of Reasons for the Construction of Prefectural-level and Village Shrines in April 1910, which merged utaki and uganju to create prefectural-level shrines and village shrines based on the consolidation of shrines following an edict issued in 1906 in mainland Japan as part of the Shrine Consolidation Policy. The policy was meant to manage the temple priests and other people who had worked at places of worship and the loss of their salaries based on the Act of Abolition of Various Government Stipends in Okinawa Prefecture of 1910. After some trial and error during the Taisho and Showa Eras （early 20th century）, the Okinawa Prefecture Shrine Creation Plan was created, incorporating policies such as the policy to create more shrines as each village should have one shrine ; the policy to make the primary deity worshipped at the utaki and uganju that had been turned into shrines Amaterasu Omikami, the Sun Goddess, and the secondary deity the deity of the merged utaki/uganju ; the policy to create or elevate lower-ranking shrines to go sha （rural district shrines）; and the policy to create a ken sha （prefecture-level shrine） in each of the five districts of Shimajiri, Nakagami, Kunigami, Miyako, and Yaeyama. This was the third and final period of worship policy in Okinawa. The worship policies of this last period were also based on the Summary of the Organization of Unranked Shrines released by the government of mainland Japan in July 1942 and put existing policies into more concrete terms. The purpose of this paper is to make clear the process of how the Okinawa Prefecture Shrine Creation Plan that marks the third period of worship policy came to be enacted. The paper will explain the events that led to the drafting of the Okinawa Prefecture Shrine Creation Plan that compiles the policies regarding worship in Okinawa Prefecture following the Ryukyu Disposition, by discussing topics such as : changes in the various worship policies in Okinawa Prefecture ; the movement in villages that public opinion construct shrine buildings, Torii gates, and lanterns at utaki and uganju that Okinawa Prefecture had called “simulated structures” against both the wishes of the prefecture and shrine regulations ; the fact that Okinawa Prefecture issued a warning against constructing these structures ; the relationship between Japan expanding its national influence and the plan to promote Okinawa to develop the infrastructure of the prefecture ; events that led to Amaterasu Omikami becoming the primary deity worshipped at utaki that had been converted into shrines ; the move to have one shrine per village ; the move to nurture more Shinto shrine priests ; rationale ; and the citation of the Summary of the Organization of Unranked Shrines that merged unranked shrines to create qualified shrines of village shrine rank or above for the proper performance of ritual and to create a financial base. |
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| 言語 | en | |||||||||
| 内容記述 | ||||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Other | |||||||||
| 内容記述 | 個人研究論文 | |||||||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||||||
| 内容記述 | ||||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Other | |||||||||
| 内容記述 | 論文 | |||||||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||||||
| 書誌情報 |
ja : 非文字資料研究 = The study of nonwritten cultural materials en : The study of nonwritten cultural materials 号 27, p. 149-197, 発行日 2023-09-30 |
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| ISSN | ||||||||||
| 収録物識別子タイプ | PISSN | |||||||||
| 収録物識別子 | 2432-5481 | |||||||||
| 書誌レコードID | ||||||||||
| 収録物識別子タイプ | NCID | |||||||||
| 収録物識別子 | AA12776889 | |||||||||
| 著者版フラグ | ||||||||||
| 出版タイプ | VoR | |||||||||
| 出版タイプResource | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | |||||||||
| 出版者 | ||||||||||
| 出版者 | 神奈川大学日本常民文化研究所 非文字資料研究センター | |||||||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||||||
| 出版者 | ||||||||||
| 出版者 | Research Center for Nonwritten Cultural Materials, Institute for the Study of Japanese Folk Culture, Kanagawa University | |||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||
