@article{oai:kanagawa-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00006308,
 author = {Aline, David and アリン, デビッド},
 journal = {神奈川大学言語研究},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {The construct of literacy plays a major role in educational research and curriculum design. How literacy is defined often reflects the degree of reform called for in education and the view of education taken by those calling for reform. In this paper I review the four major types of literacy: (a) conventional literacy, (b) functional literacy, (c) cultural literacy, and (d) critical literacy. I first define the types, discuss them in terms of ideological hegemony in the context of American education, relate them to current views on the topic of literacy, and then explain their implications for teachers of English as a Second Language (ESL)., Departmental Bulletin Paper},
 pages = {181--190},
 title = {Literacy in American Education and Its Relation to Teaching English as a Second Language},
 volume = {26},
 year = {2004}
}