@article{oai:kanagawa-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00005765,
 author = {河上, 婦志子 and Kawakami, Fujiko},
 journal = {人文学研究所報},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {In 1998,the NPO Regulation was proclaimed in Japan. NPO stands for Non Profit Organizations. In Japan there are many organizations like NPO. Some of them are called Koekihoujin in Japanese and the others are informal volunteer organizations. Koekihoujins seem to be the organizations for civil servants, not for ordinary citizens. On the other hand, the informal volunteer organizations are suffering from financial difficulties. This situation was one of the reasons why some people had demanded the NPO Regulation so that new formal organizations as NPOs can supply services fulfilling the clients' needs. In Canada there are many NPOs founded and conducted by women. This paper attemps to show how women's NPOs are administrated in Toronto, Canada. These NPOs provide admirable examples of how to make the NPO Regulation effective. Times Change is a NPO giving women's employment services. This NPO is funded by Human Resources Development Canada, The United Way of Greater Toronto, The City of Toronto as well as public donations. It has some programs to train and educate women who are seeking for their jobs after intervals. It has also published A Career Planning Workbook for Women 2000 and A Leader's Guide to Career Planning for Women 2000. These books are very useful to understand how to empower the women who have been deprived of their various kinds of opportunities in life and forced unpaid work. Working Women Community Centre is a community based NPO which has an educational program for Portuguese girls who tend to give up their education. These Portuguese girls are expected to be encouraged by the elder Portuguese women who have been successful in their careers. The centre has some other programs for women who need aids. LEAF, The Women's Legal Education and Action Fund is the organization which has a program called The Early Teen Outreach Project. This project is designed to raise awareness among young students about sexual assaults, consents, power dynamics, equity rights and Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. LEAF has other programs to advance the equality of women in Canada through litigation and law reform. For ordinary Canadians it seem to be much easier to support Women's NPOs than Japanese. This is because they have an established system of donation and participation as volunteers, and the governmental policies to promote gender equity. In order to found women's NPOs in Japan, civil society is indispensable. Civil society will be created, through activities of women's NPOs., Article},
 pages = {33--46},
 title = {女性たちの NPO 活動 : カナダの女性たちの教育活動 NPO の実践},
 volume = {35},
 year = {2002}
}