{"created":"2023-05-15T11:51:57.363463+00:00","id":14108,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"3d4efcaf-e0f8-4125-8a65-569cf72e7424"},"_deposit":{"created_by":10,"id":"14108","owners":[10],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"14108"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:kanagawa-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00014108","sets":["660:661:676:1343"]},"author_link":[],"item_3_alternative_title_20":{"attribute_name":"その他の言語のタイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_alternative_title":"The Nine Tests of Mongolian Shamanism －A Case Study from the Khorchin Region－"}]},"item_3_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2021-03-20","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"22","bibliographicPageEnd":"272","bibliographicPageStart":"255","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"非文字資料研究 = The study of nonwritten cultural materials","bibliographic_titleLang":"ja"},{"bibliographic_title":"The study of nonwritten cultural materials","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_3_description_4":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"シャマニズムの再活性化を背景に、ホルチン地域ではブォに生まれ変わるとする入巫儀礼が復活しつつある。ブォとは、ホルチン地方におけるシャマンの総称である。この入巫儀礼は、イスン・ダバ・ダバホ（九つの試練を通る）儀礼と呼ばれる。一説では、「イスン・ダバ（九つの試練）を通らないと本物のブォではない」、「重い病気（強い悪霊）を治療することができない」ともいわれる。このように、ブォがイスン・ダバを通ることは、ブォを社会的に一人前のブォとして認めるか否かの一つの基準となっている。ブォの話によると現在、儀礼はあまり行われなくなったという。それは、ブォが長い間弾圧を受けたため、霊力の強いブォが少なくなったことや、儀礼が迷信扱いされ法的制限を受けたことが大きく影響している。2012年以降、経験を積んだブォは、自宅で自らイスン・ダバ・ダバホ儀礼を行うようになった。筆者は2019年旧暦7月7日に、ホルチン地域のダルハン旗で行われた儀礼に参加することができた。1930年代から約90年ぶりに、イスン・ダバ・ダバホ儀礼は復活した。時代の経過とともに儀礼は簡素化され、かつては鋭かった針尖と刀刃も以前ほどの鋭さはない。しかし、イスン・ダバの中心となる要素「火・熱さ・刃物」に変化はない。イスン・ダバ・ダバホ儀礼は、刃の荒行から始まる。それは刀の刃を抑える力と治療の霊力を表現している。次に、ブォは火を操り支配する。そのことにより、神秘的な内的熱を獲得・蓄積し、荒々しい破壊力である火の本性を内的巫力に変化させる。火に耐えられる体は、シャマンの欠かせない必要条件である。シャマンは、火の本性を内的巫力に変えることのできる人物である。イスン・ダバ・ダバホ儀礼では、火に関する試練が最も多い。このことは、ブォが火の統御者であることを端的に表している。儀礼の最後に、刀が付いた梯子の頂点に登る。このことは、普通の人間から守護霊の力をもつブォとして生まれ変わり、霊界に身を置いたことを象徴している。こうしたイスン・ダバ・ダバホ儀礼の復活は、ブォ文化伝承の大きな契機となるだろう。また、ホルチン・モンゴル人の伝統文化保護という意識を刺激することにもなっていく。ブォが社会的地位を得ることにより、シャマニズムは活性化し、その継承者の養成も可能となる。本論の目的は、イスン・ダバ・ダバホ儀礼の概要を述べ、その内包する役割を明らかにすることである。さらに、そのことは卒業論文でブォの社会的な機能を考察する上でも、最も重要な位置付けにあると考えている。そのために、文献調査とフィールドワークを基に、実際に体験した儀礼の分析を試みた。","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"},{"subitem_description":"With the revival of shamanism in the Horchin region of Mongolia, the shaman initiation rite, or the ritual for becoming a “Boo”—a collective term used in this part of the world for shamans – is also making a comeback. The initiation rite is called yisun dabaa dabah, or the passing of the nine tests, and the view is held that one cannot become a true shaman or acquire the ability to heal serious illnesses（ strong evil spirits） without undergoing these trials. As such, the completion of yisun dabaa is considered a requisite measure of a fully qualified boo in Khorchin society. According to one boo, the initiation rituals are not practiced very often today, largely because the population of boos with strong spiritual power has declined as a result of long-term political repression against shamanism, and the rituals, now regarded as superstition, have been legally constrained. After 2012, however, an experienced boo began to conduct yisun dabaa dabah at home. I had an opportunity to participate in a ceremony held on July 7, 2019 （in the old calendar） in the town of Darkhan in Horchin. The ritual of yisun dabaa dabah, last conducted in the 1930s, was revived after some 90 years. Over time the procedure has become simplified, and the needles and sword blades used in the ceremony are not as sharp as they once were. Nevertheless, the central elements of yisun dabaa remain the same – flame, heat, and blades. The ceremony begins with ascetic exercises using sword blades. This portion of the ritual represents the ability to control the blades as well as the psychic power of healing. Next, the boo candidate manipulates and controls a flame to gain and accumulate within himself the mystical internal heat, and to transform into an internal shamanic power the raging destructive force that is the original nature of fire. A body that can withstand fire is imperative for shamans, as they are defined as people who can turn the nature of fire into shamanic power. The fact that the ritual of yisun dabaa dabah has more tests involving fire than any other kind is a clear indication that boos are the masters of fire. In the final portion of the initiation rite, the candidate climbs to the top of a blade ladder. This exercise symbolizes that the initiate, formerly an ordinary mortal, has been reborn as a boo possessed with the power of a guardian spirit and has joined the world of spirits. The revival of the initiation rite will be a major impetus to preserve the shamanic culture and its traditions. It will also promote greater awareness about protecting the culture and traditions of the Horchin Mongolians. As boos gain a respectable position in society, shamanism will flourish and in turn facilitate the development of its successors. The purpose of this paper is to provide an outline of the yisun dabaa dabah ritual and shed a light on the role and meaning of its elements. I believe this is the most important step in examining the social functions of boos, a task I intend to undertake in my dissertation. For this purpose, based on literature research and fieldwork, I have analyzed the initiation rite in which I personally participated.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_3_description_40":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"Departmental Bulletin Paper","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_3_description_5":{"attribute_name":"内容記述","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"論文","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_3_publisher_33":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"神奈川大学日本常民文化研究所　非文字資料研究センター"},{"subitem_publisher":"Research Center for Nonwritten Cultural Materials, Institute for the Study of Japanese Folk Culture, Kanagawa University"}]},"item_3_source_id_10":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AA12776889","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_3_source_id_8":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"2432-5481","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_3_version_type_16":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"張, 高娃"}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2021-09-01"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"10 モンゴル・シャマニズム「九つの試練」について －ホルチン地域の事例から－.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"9.3 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"10 モンゴル・シャマニズム「九つの試練」について －ホルチン地域の事例から－","url":"https://kanagawa-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/14108/files/10 モンゴル・シャマニズム「九つの試練」について －ホルチン地域の事例から－.pdf"},"version_id":"42b9155d-dc54-4793-9c6b-84fd52922e09"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"モンゴル・シャマニズム「九つの試練」について －ホルチン地域の事例から－","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"モンゴル・シャマニズム「九つの試練」について －ホルチン地域の事例から－","subitem_title_language":"ja"},{"subitem_title":"The Nine Tests of Mongolian Shamanism －A Case Study from the Khorchin Region－","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"3","owner":"10","path":["1343"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"PubDate","attribute_value":"2021-09-01"},"publish_date":"2021-09-01","publish_status":"0","recid":"14108","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["モンゴル・シャマニズム「九つの試練」について －ホルチン地域の事例から－"],"weko_creator_id":"10","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-06-20T06:27:36.525487+00:00"}