{"created":"2023-05-15T11:51:17.252964+00:00","id":13180,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"89bc31d8-e214-49df-9724-eecafe5448c7"},"_deposit":{"created_by":10,"id":"13180","owners":[10],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"13180"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:kanagawa-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00013180","sets":["308:309:310:1264"]},"author_link":["34628","33583"],"item_3_alternative_title_20":{"attribute_name":"その他の言語のタイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_alternative_title":"A Note on the Historical Development of the Cocoa Cultivation  Fronts"}]},"item_3_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2020-03-25","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"46","bibliographicPageEnd":"201","bibliographicPageStart":"169","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"経済貿易研究 : 研究所年報  ","bibliographic_titleLang":"ja"}]}]},"item_3_description_4":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"スペイン人がメソアメリカで「飲むチョコレート」に出会ってから、カカオを飲む習慣はスペイン帝国と欧州に広がった。それに伴い、カカオ栽培前線はベネズエラ、トリニダード、エクアドル、バヒアなどの中南米に展開した。19世紀末には欧州で固形の「食べるチョコレート」に関する一連の技術革新が起こった。これは、カカオ豆への需要の幾何級数的な増大を生んだ。そのために、カカオ栽培前線は大西洋を渡り、赤道アフリカ（サントメ・プリンシペやカメルーンなど）と西アフリカ（ガーナ、コートジボワールなど）に拡大した。カカオ栽培の必須条件は熱帯雨林と良好な交通手段と豊富な労働力である。カカオ栽培はこれらの条件を満たす地域で、肥沃な処女林を貪欲に開発することによって発展した。当初は強制労働が大規模に利用されたが、20世紀初めまでに、移民労働者を含む小規模な粗放栽培が優位に立った。カカオ栽培は大規模な農園経営や集約的農法に適さないのであった。","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"},{"subitem_description":"Since the Spaniards encountered ʻdrinking chocolateʼ in Mesoamerica, habit of drink-ing chocolate spread over the Spanish empire and Europe. In response to the growth of demand, co-coa cultivation developed to Latin-America. In the late 19th century, a series of technical innovations of ʻeating chocolateʼ occurred in Europe. This caused a geometric growth of demand to cocoa beans. Because of this, cocoa fronts went over the Atlantic and spread over Tropical Africa （Sao-Tome and Principe, Cameroon, etc.） and West Africa （Ghana, Cote-dʼIvoire, etc.）. Essential conditions for co-coa cultivation are tropical rain forests, good means of transportation and abundant labour force. Ca-cao cultivation developed in the areas which meet these conditions, exploiting greedily fertile virgin forests. In these areas coerced labour force was massively introduced, but by the early 20th century small scale extensive cocoa cultivation became predominant. Cocoa cultivation proved to be not suit-able to massive plantations and intensive cultivation.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_3_description_40":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"Departmental Bulletin Paper","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_3_description_5":{"attribute_name":"内容記述","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"研究ノート","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_3_publisher_33":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"神奈川大学経済貿易研究所"}]},"item_3_source_id_10":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00071389","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_3_source_id_8":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0386-5193","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_3_version_type_16":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"山本, 通"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2020-06-10"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"10 カカオ栽培前線の歴史的展開.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"15.9 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"10 カカオ栽培前線の歴史的展開","url":"https://kanagawa-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/13180/files/10 カカオ栽培前線の歴史的展開.pdf"},"version_id":"4fd10445-ba30-4129-812d-1b718f90a510"}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"カカオ","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"チョコレート","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"強制労働","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"耕作様式","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"栽培方法","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"カカオ栽培前線の歴史的展開","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"カカオ栽培前線の歴史的展開","subitem_title_language":"ja"},{"subitem_title":"A Note on the Historical Development of the Cocoa Cultivation  Fronts","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"3","owner":"10","path":["1264"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"PubDate","attribute_value":"2020-06-10"},"publish_date":"2020-06-10","publish_status":"0","recid":"13180","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["カカオ栽培前線の歴史的展開"],"weko_creator_id":"10","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-06-20T04:39:28.090167+00:00"}