{"created":"2023-05-15T11:50:52.946290+00:00","id":12667,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"13bc03e4-ec47-420f-98a5-94231a49fbcc"},"_deposit":{"created_by":10,"id":"12667","owners":[10],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"12667"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:kanagawa-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00012667","sets":["660:661:676:1241"]},"author_link":[],"item_3_alternative_title_20":{"attribute_name":"その他の言語のタイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_alternative_title":"The Key to Solving the Mystery of the Birth of Ancient Deity Gozu Tenno（牛頭天王） : “Gotoutenno（五頭天王）”written in the Pledge Documents on the Wood Board of Shiozu Port ruins."}]},"item_3_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2019-03-20","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"17","bibliographicPageEnd":"20","bibliographicPageStart":"1","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"非文字資料研究 = The study of nonwritten cultural materials","bibliographic_titleLang":"ja"}]}]},"item_3_description_4":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"　八坂神社や津島神社の祭神であった牛頭天王は、最初期には「五頭天王」とも称されていた。筆者はこれまで、この「五頭天王」は中国民間の五道大神（五道神、五道将軍とも称される）が日本に伝来した後の別称ではないかと指摘してきた。それはおもにゴトウ（五頭）、ゴズ（牛頭）というコトバの音声の類似性と神格の類似性に基づく仮説であった。ところが最近、滋賀県琵琶湖北岸の塩津港遺跡から発掘された大型木簡のうち、「五頭天王」と「五道大神」の両方がともに記されている一つの木簡があることに気づいた。\n　五道大神は今日の日本ではほとんど顧みられることのない、かつて日本に伝来してきたことすら忘れさられている中国の民間神である。しかし日本の密教仏典に照らしてみると、11～13世紀のころにさかんに行われた焔魔天（密教では閻魔をこのように称す）の修法のなかで重要な役を演じた神であり、それゆえとくに秘匿を要する神であったことがわかる。10世紀のころまで疫神として人々に崇められてきた「祇園の天神」が、本来どういう神であったかを明確に指摘した人はいないが、五道大神は密教では天部の神、仏法の守護神であり、まさに「祇園の天神」と称されるにふさわしい。11世紀のころ、この五道大神と入れ替わるように牛頭天王が文献上にも顕在化してくる。密教僧は、祇園神= 五道大神を秘匿する代償として、いわばその身代わりに、新たな祇園神= 五頭天王（のちに牛頭天王）を創出する必要があった、と考えられるのである。\n　小論は、塩津港遺跡起請文札のうちのある一つの木簡に、上界の神「五道大神」と王城鎮守の祇園「五頭天王」の両方がそろって記されていることの意味を読み解き、中国民間の五道大神が牛頭天王にすり替わる、その神格誕生の秘密の経緯をあらためて明らかにし、識者のご批評を仰ごうとするものである。","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"},{"subitem_description":"Gozu Tenno, an ancient god enshrined at Yasaka Shrine and Tsushima Shrine, was originally called Goto Tenno. The author has pointed out that Godo Daishin, or the Great God of the Five Paths – a Chinese folk god also known as Godo Shin and Godo Shogun – came to be called Goto Tenno after its introduction to Japan. This hypothesis is based on the similarity of the sounds “goto” and “gozu” and godhood. Recently, however, it was discovered that both Gozu Tenno and Godo Daishin are mentioned in one of the large inscribed wooden tablets excavated at the Shiotsu Port Ruins in the northern part of Lake Biwa in Shiga Prefecture. 　Godo Daishin is a Chinese folk god that is almost never thought about in today’s Japan, and that it was a deity brought to Japan has even been forgotten. Nevertheless, according to the Tantric Buddhism Canon, Godo Daishin played an important role in the rituals of Enmaten, or Hell Deva, that were commonly performed between the 11th and 13th centuries and therefore needed to be worshiped in strict secrecy. Nobody has ever identified the true nature of the deity called Gion Tenjin, who was worshiped as the god of pestilence until the 10th century. Still, Godo Daishin deserves to be referred to as Gion Tenjin because it is a deva in Tantric Buddhism and a guardian god in Buddhism. Gozu Tenno replaced Godo Daishin and started to appear in written materials in the 11th century. Tantric Buddhist monks had to pay a price for keeping it secret that Godo Daishin was a Gion God and thus created a new Gion God, namely, Goto Tenno, which came to be called Gozu Tenno later on. 　This paper will examine the significance of the reference to both the heavenly god Godo Daishin and the castle guardian god Goto Tenno in an oath inscribed on a wooden tablet found at Shiotsu Port. It will also reveal how Gozu Tenno gained its godhood in place of the Chinese folk god Godo Daishin, in the hopes of receiving feedback from experts in this field.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_3_description_40":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"Departmental Bulletin Paper","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_3_description_5":{"attribute_name":"内容記述","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"論文","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_3_publisher_33":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"神奈川大学日本常民文化研究所非文字資料研究センター"}]},"item_3_source_id_10":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AA12776889","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_3_source_id_8":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"2432-5481","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_3_version_type_16":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"山口, 建治"}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2019-09-30"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"02 牛頭天王誕生の謎を解く鍵 －塩津港遺跡起請文札に記された「五頭天王」－.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"1.5 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"02 牛頭天王誕生の謎を解く鍵 －塩津港遺跡起請文札に記された「五頭天王」－","url":"https://kanagawa-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/12667/files/02 牛頭天王誕生の謎を解く鍵 －塩津港遺跡起請文札に記された「五頭天王」－.pdf"},"version_id":"b18cf712-ffb5-4b5e-a617-b3efa9782ebe"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"牛頭天王誕生の謎を解く鍵 －塩津港遺跡起請文札に記された「五頭天王」－","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"牛頭天王誕生の謎を解く鍵 －塩津港遺跡起請文札に記された「五頭天王」－","subitem_title_language":"ja"},{"subitem_title":"The Key to Solving the Mystery of the Birth of Ancient Deity Gozu Tenno（牛頭天王） : “Gotoutenno（五頭天王）”written in the Pledge Documents on the Wood Board of Shiozu Port ruins.","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"3","owner":"10","path":["1241"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"PubDate","attribute_value":"2019-09-27"},"publish_date":"2019-09-27","publish_status":"0","recid":"12667","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["牛頭天王誕生の謎を解く鍵 －塩津港遺跡起請文札に記された「五頭天王」－"],"weko_creator_id":"10","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-06-20T06:17:50.216857+00:00"}