@article{oai:kanagawa-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00011964,
 author = {Oyama, Kazunobu and 小山, 和伸},
 issue = {1},
 journal = {商経論叢},
 month = {Sep},
 note = {We recognize that superior leadership can challenge people to higher targets with more serious minds. Indeed, motivation theory in the fields of management and of social psychology aims to encourage people to make greater efforts towards higher objectives.  However, higher targets introduce higher rates of failure, and grater effort introduces a higher level of disappointments in the case of failure.　In brief, encouraging people to strive for higher objectives with greater motivation is likely to lead people to grater disappointment. 
Therefore, I think that leadership theory must ideally incorporate a theory on the management of disappointment.  I think that teaching ways to manage disappointment is one of the most important elements of leadership., Article, 論説},
 pages = {43--48},
 title = {The Essence of Leadership},
 volume = {49},
 year = {2013}
}